Cholic Acid is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Cholic acid facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.

Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist.

Sorbitol can be used as a stabilizing excipient and/or isotonicity agent, sweetener, humectant, thickener and dietary supplement.

Sodium tetraborate decahydrate is a triglyceride transesterification catalyst.

Ak-HepaPur® Dioleoyl Phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) is a phospholipid and is commonly used alone, or with other components, in the generation of micelles, liposomes and other types of artificial membranes.

AkGrisgel™ Carrageenan blocks viral attachment to cell surface HSPG factors by directly binding to viral capsid proteins; it also delays and arrests cell cycle progression and induces acute non-immune inflammation via a triphasic response involving the release of multiple pro-inflammatory mediators.

Ak-HepaPur® 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) is a neutral helper lipid for cationic liposomes, combining with cationic phospholipids to enhance the transfection efficiency of naked siRNA.

Ak-HepaPur® 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) is a lipid used in liposome synthesis and serves as a lipid component in lipid nanoparticle (LNP) systems.

Ak-HepaPur® DMG-PEG 2000 is used in the preparation of liposomes for siRNA delivery, where it improves transfection efficiency.