Bavachinin is agonist of pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR).

Bergapten is inhibitory towards mouse and human CYP isoforms.

Bilobalide, a sesquiterpene trilactone constituent of Ginkgo biloba, inhibits the NMDA-induced efflux of choline.

Bisdemethoxycurcumin is a curcumin derivative.

8-Gingerol can be found in the rhizome of ginger (Z. officinale).

10-Gingerol is an AMPK agonist, which is found in the ginger oleoresin from fresh rhizome.

6-Shogaol is the derivative of Shogaol (HY-14616) found in Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc).

Brucine is a weak alkaline indole alkaloid.

8-Shogaol is an effective apoptosis inducer and growth inhibitor.

Linarin is an active and selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

10-Shogaol is a 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist found in Zingiber officinale.

Bufalin is an active component isolated from Chan Su, acts as a potent Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor.

Crassicauline A is a diester-type diterpenoid alkaloid. Crassicauline A exhibits feeding deterrent activity against adult Tribolium castaneum.

Cantharidin, a natural toxin isolated from beetles in the families Meloidae and Oedemeridae, has been reported to be toxic to some pests, including the diamondback moth.

Caproic Acid is a short-chain saturated fatty acid composed of a six-carbon chain.

Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside found in Rehmannia glutinosa.