(-)-Catechin is an isomer of Catechin; Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1).

(+)-Catechin hydrate inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1).

trans-Cinnamic acid is an aromatic organic acid compound with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against Aeromonas sobria (SY-AS1).

Cordycepin is a nucleoside derivative and inhibits IL-1β-induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) in a dose-dependent manner.

Daidzein is a flavonoid, a phytoestrogen, acts as an agonist and selectively activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ).

Deoxycholic acid, a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5.

Dulcite (Dulcitol; Melampyrit; NSC 1944) is a sugar alcohol, produced by the reduction of galactose by aldose reductase in non-insulin-dependent cells.

Evodiamine is an alkaloid with diverse biological activities.

Fangchinoline is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid.

Ferulic acid is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor.

Formononetin is a major isoflavone component and is a novel FGFR2 inhibitor.

Gallic acid is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).

Gramine is an alkaloid, acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist.

Guaiacol, a phenolic compound, inhibits LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation.

Isoalantolactone is an apoptosis inducer, which also acts as an alkylating agent.

Ligustrazine, an alkylpyrazine.