Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg1 displays promising effects by reducing cerebral Aβ levels. Ginsenoside Rg1 also reduces NF-κB nuclear translocation.

Docetaxel is a microtubule depolymerization inhibitor.

Ginsenoside Rg2 is one of the major active components of ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg2 inhibits VCAM-1 and ICAM-1expressions stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Ginsenoside Rg2 also reduces Aβ1-42 accumulation.

Thymol is a TRPA1 agonist. Thymol is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family.

Ginsenoside Rg3 is one of the major active components of ginseng.

Reserpine is an inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2).

Ginsenoside Rh1 inhibits the expression of PPAR-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.

Tabersonine is a selective NLRP3 inhibitor.

Ginsenoside Rh2 induces the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner.

Vincamine is a major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae.It is a GPR40 agonist.

Scopolamine hydrobromide trihydrate is a high-affinity muscarinic antagonist that can cross the blood-brain barrier.

Lanosterol is an intermediate of cholesterol synthesis and use of lanosterol induces ubiquitination and degradation of a rate-controlling enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, i.e., HMG CoA reductase.

Diallyl Trisulfide is an active compound.

Thymoquinone is an active natural product.

Harpagoside can be obtained by Harpagophytum procumbens. Harpagoside has an inhibitory effect on COX-1 and COX-2 active, and suppresses NO production.

Artemisinic acid is a sesquiterpene.