Teduglutide is an analog of human glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2).

Cefotaxime sodium is a β-lactamase stable third-generation cephalosporin.

Acipimox is a nicotinic acid analogue that inhibits lipolysis.

Semaglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 analogue, is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist.

Colchicine is a microtubule protein inhibitor. It binds to tubulin dimers, prevents microtubule formation, and thereby inhibits cell mitosis. It is also a competitive antagonist of the α3 glycine receptor.

Galanthamine hydrobromide is a selective, reversible, competitive, alkaloid AChE inhibitor.

Podofilox (Podophyllotoxin) is a potent inhibitor of microtubule assembly and DNA topoisomerase II.

Triptolide is a diterpenoid triepoxide and acts as an NF-κB activation inhibitor.

Ursodeoxycholic acid is a secondary bile acid issued from the transformation of (cheno)deoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria, acting through interactions with bile acid-activated receptors including TGR5 and FXR.

Eriodictyol is an active TRPV1 receptor antagonist.

Lovastatin is a cell-permeable HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.

Xanthotoxin is a furanocoumarin compound and a cytochrome P450 inhibitor.

Scopolamine hydrobromide is a high-affinity muscarinic antagonist that can cross the blood-brain barrier.

Digoxin is a potent inhibitor of Na+/K+-ATPase.

Cytisine is an alkaloid and a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChRs, with partial to full agonism at β4-containing receptors and α7 receptors.

Eupatilin, a lipophilic flavonoid, is a PPARα agonist.