Muscone is the main active monomer of traditional Chinese medicine musk.

Oridonin, a diterpenoid, acts as an inhibitor of AKT.

Paeonol is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor.

p-Coumaric acid (trans-4-Hydroxycinnamic acid) is an isomer of cinnamic acid.

4-Hydroxyacetophenone (P-hydroxyacetophenone) is a major hepatoprotective and choleretic compound.

Propyl gallate is a phenolic ester compound commonly used as a food additive.

Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect.

Pyrogallol is a polyphenol compound and a reductant that is able to generate free radicals, in particular superoxide anions.

Rhein is an anthraquinone natural product compound.

Rutaecarpine is an alkaloid, as an inhibitor of COX-2.

Salicylic acid is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 activity at concentrations well below those required to inhibit NF-κB activation.

Stachydrine hydrochloride is the major active constituent of Leonurus artemisia.

Succinic acid is an anti-anxiety agent.

Synephrine (Oxedrine) hydrochloride, an alkaloid, is an α-adrenergic and β-adrenergic agonist.

Syringic acid is a phenolic compound associated with inhibition of LDL oxidation.

Tetrandrine is a bis-benzyl-isoquinoline alkaloid, which inhibits voltage-gated Ca2+ current (ICa) and Ca2+-activated K+ current.